W5 Public Speaking

 

• Why does a speech need to be organized? What are the parts of a speech?
• Why should we limit the number of ideas presented in a speech?
• When selecting ideas, what should always remain the focus?
• Why use supporting materials? What are the necessities and/or values of supporting material?
• What are the five main types of supporting material?
• What are the seven factors of attention?
• What percentage of your speech should be the introduction?
• What five elements belong in an introduction?
• What percentage of your speech should be the conclusion?
• What three elements belong in a conclusion?

Transition = connective bridge between 2 seemingly unrelated materials

Signposts emphasize the physical movement through the speech content and let the audience know exactly where they are. Signposting can be as simple as “First,” “Next,” “Lastly” or using numbers such as “First,” “Second,” Third,” and “Fourth.” Signposts can also be lengthier, but in general signposting is meant to be a brief way to let your audience know where they are in the speech. It may help to think of these like the mile markers you see along interstates that tell you where you are or like signs letting you know how many more miles until you reach your destination.

While connectives may feel clunky or obvious to the speaker, it is unlikely that the audience will feel overused connectives.

>DO NOT speak for the audience and say, "you are probably asking.." this is too cliche.

novice speakers tend to think that use of slides, such as PowerPoint, eliminates the need for connectives. “The slide changed, so I don’t need a transition” is the thinking. Please do not get into this pattern. Just changing a slide is not a transition and does not help the audience understand your flow of ideas. You need oral connectives, too

supporting materials. Either they 1. clarify, explain, or provide specifics (and therefore understanding) for the audience, or 2. prove and back up arguments and therefore persuade the audience. Of course, some can do both

REMEMBER  to ask who, what, when, where and why? and how? when writing or outlining a speech.

REMEMBER: supporting materials are statistics, expert testimony, example, narratives, scientific and historical facts.

• Probative = proof giving, logical, and demonstrating something
• Stipulated definition = a definition with clearly defined parameters for how the word or term is being used in the context of a speech
• operational definition = hypothetical narrative
• concreteness = real experiences

DON'T make assumptions on what the audience already knows. Be descriptive.